No building energy-saving insulation, why talk about clean heating in rural areas

Clean heating refers to the heating process with the goal of reducing heating energy consumption and pollutant emissions, and includes three links: clean heat sources, efficient transmission and distribution networks, and high-performance buildings. Under the inevitable trend of the development of clean heating work in northern regions, priority is given to the realization of the maximum energy conservation efficiency of building envelopes as the basis and prerequisite. Carry out energy-saving reconstruction of existing rural houses, improve the energy efficiency of rural buildings, and reduce the operating costs of heating systems. It is of great significance to solve the problem of high heating energy consumption, poor winter comfort, reducing the risk of "coal return", and forming a sustainable long-term mechanism for clean heating.

The state has carried out energy conservation work in rural buildings. In June 2009, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Expansion of Pilot Renovation of Dangerous Rural Houses in 2009", and proposed the Northeast, Northwest, and North China "Three North Areas" in 2009. Within the scope of the pilot project, a demonstration of building energy efficiency was carried out in conjunction with the reconstruction of rural dilapidated houses. From 2009 to May 5, energy conservation work in rural areas has been carried out in the northern region for seven consecutive years; in July 2010, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Implementation Requirements for the Examination of Energy-saving Demonstrations for Expanding Rural Dangerous House Reconstruction Buildings; in 2011, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development's Rural Dangerous House Reconstruction Provincial Annual Assessment Indexes for Pilot Building Energy Efficiency Demonstration (Trial).

From the perspective of the state's subsidy intensity, in 2012 the state increased the subsidy from 2,000 yuan per household to 2500 yuan per household. Local provinces, cities, and counties then provided corresponding packages. Some provinces' energy-saving subsidies reached about 10,000 per household. The country has completed the energy-saving renovation of more than 1.2 million rural houses and achieved certain results. However, in terms of overall energy-saving reformation, it only accounts for less than 1% of the country's rural households. Because there are more rural households, there is a long way to go for the renovation of rural houses.

Status of energy efficiency in rural buildings

1. Rural housing has been built for a long time and has a large amount of renovation. According to the survey in some cities in Shandong in 2017, most of the farmhouses were built before 2010, of which 31.4% were before 1990, and from 1990 to 2010 Rural houses accounted for 54.7% during the year and 13.9% after 2010. Farmhouses before the 1990s have a long history and there is a possibility of building structure safety issues. Some of the farmhouses have adopted external wall insulation measures since 2010. Doors and windows have adopted energy-saving doors and windows and have sun rooms. The indoor temperature in winter is higher than before The farmhouse is taller. Therefore, in relative terms, farm houses from 1990 to 2010 were of remodeling value, accounting for 60%.

2. Single-story bungalows and two-story houses in rural housing construction Rural dwellings belong to the northern courtyard style building system. It is basically surrounded by the main house and the left and right box houses. The main house is basically three, four or five rooms. The buildings are mostly single-story bungalows and second-story houses, which account for 76.2% and 16.3% of the total, respectively. County single-story bungalows account for more than 50%. The main room opening is generally 3.3 to 3.5 meters, and the depth is 5 meters, 7 meters or 9 meters. Most of the courtyards are arranged in a north-south direction. The main house faces north and south. It is the main residential building and there are basically no insulation measures.

3. Rural building heating is mostly local heating, with simple equipment and low thermal efficiency. More than 80% of rural households have heating facilities in rural areas. The heating methods are mainly local heating and radiators, gas wall-mounted stoves and radiators, and local heating and flooring. Hot water radiant heating, air conditioning, etc. The average construction area of residential houses for rural houses is more than 80 square meters. On average, only 50% of the rooms have heating measures. There is still a certain gap between farmers' longing for a better life.

4. Poor insulation performance of the envelope structure According to wall materials and structural systems, 81.5% of rural residential exterior walls are 240mm brick-concrete structures and brick-wood structures. Generally, there is no exterior finish, and 86.9% of exterior walls have no exterior insulation. Only some districts and counties adopt external thermal insulation measures on the external walls of farmhouses. Generally, polystyrene boards on the external walls are used for external thermal insulation.

5. The indoor temperature in winter is generally low, and the living comfort is poor. The indoor temperature is low in winter. The living room temperature range of most peasant houses during the day ranges from 10 to 15 ° C. The living comfort is poor, and the indoor temperature of the unheated rooms is lower in winter. The temperature of rooms with heating is relatively high, and the temperature of individual new farm houses or community farm houses can reach 16 to 18 ° C. In order to save winter heating costs, households with poor economic conditions generally only heat their bedrooms or keep warm by wearing heavy clothing.

Energy-saving transformation application technology

In this case, to improve the efficiency of energy use, in order to play a greater role, energy-saving transformation and application technology is the key. The external insulation does not affect the normal use of farmers, and avoid condensation on some nodes on the wall, which affects the original appearance elements of the farm house; the internal insulation retains the appearance of the original farm house, occupying indoor space, and condensation may exist on some nodes on the wall, affecting farmers The demand for interior decoration; sandwich insulation does not affect the normal use of farm houses, does not affect the residents' demand for interior decoration, can retain the original style, but occupies indoor space.

Based on the price of various thermal insulation materials, due to economic constraints in rural areas, molded polystyrene board (EPS) external thermal insulation systems and EPS thermal insulation mortar external thermal insulation systems are mainly used, which are lightweight, low water absorption, aging resistance, and thermal engineering Performance meets requirements, the price of insulation materials is relatively cheap, and the market is widely used.

Restricted by the weak rural economic conditions and large rural buildings, it is difficult to achieve 75% of the existing city's energy-saving level in energy-saving retrofitting of rural houses, but considering the sustainable development of buildings, the overall goal of energy-saving retrofitting standards for rural houses is to meet 50% energy saving. Districts and counties with basic requirements and better conditions should achieve the 65% energy saving target. In the process of energy-saving renovation of farm houses, adhere to the principle of saving energy and expenditure simultaneously, adhere to the principle of simultaneous advancement of energy-saving renovation of buildings and clean heating; adhere to the principle of respecting farmers' wishes, and reduce rural heating energy consumption through trial, design, and step-by-step implementation. While improving the energy efficiency of farm houses, at the same time, it can save farmers 'heating expenses and improve the quality of farmers' living environment.

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