Why is the national standard heating temperature set at 18℃±2℃?

Medical analysis

Whether you can spend a comfortable winter, indoor temperature is indeed a key indicator. Medical experts pointed out that when the temperature is lower than 12°C, 80% of sitting people feel cold, and more than 20% of people who are active feel cold. Hygiene considers 12°C as the lower limit of the building's thermal environment. Under normal circumstances, the most suitable environmental temperature for the human body is 18°C to 22°C, which varies with individual differences. In winter, if the indoor temperature is too high for a long time, it will affect people's body temperature regulation function, causing increased body temperature, vasodilation, increased pulse rate, and accelerated heart rate. People will feel fatigued, dizzy, slow thinking, and poor memory. At the same time, due to the wide disparity between indoor and outdoor temperature, the human body is difficult to adapt and is prone to catch colds. If the indoor temperature is too low, the human body’s metabolic function will decrease, the pulse and breathing will slow down, the subcutaneous blood vessels will constrict, the skin will be over-tensed, and the resistance of the respiratory mucosa will be weakened, which will easily induce respiratory diseases. Therefore, scientists have set the lower limit temperature of "cold tolerance" and the upper limit temperature of "heat tolerance" as 11°C and 32°C, respectively. According to the research of our expert group of China Electric Heating Innovation and Development Alliance, the most suitable indoor temperature should be kept at room temperature up to 18℃, relative humidity should be kept at 30-40%, when room temperature reaches 23℃, relative humidity should be kept at 40- 50% is the optimum. For families with babies, in general, the indoor temperature should be around 20℃, and the humidity should be kept at 50% to 60%. It can be adjusted appropriately according to children's fear of cold and heat. Due to various factors such as environment, building, terminal, etc., after the room temperature exceeds 18℃, every degree of increase in energy consumption will increase by 20%. When the heating temperature exceeds 22°C, the indoor air will be abnormally dry, which will affect the body's own body temperature regulation function, causing body temperature to rise, blood vessel dilation, heart rate acceleration, endocrine disorders, etc. (Extraordinary remarks: Is this what we commonly call the cause of "sleeping in the summer due to lack of spring"). At the same time, too high temperature will increase the volatilization of toxic and harmful gases in furniture, floors, stone and other decorative materials. Compared with too low temperature, too high temperature is more harmful to the body.

National regulations on heating standards

In 2002, the country formulated the "Indoor Air Quality Standard", namely GB/T18883-2002. It is stipulated that the heating standard in winter is 16 ~ 24 ℃, and the indoor temperature that meets this standard is a comfortable indoor temperature. The "Design Standard for Energy-saving Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Areas" stipulates that "the design temperature of the bedroom and living room for heating indoor thermal environment in winter is 16 ~ 18 ℃." The indoor environment quality standard item in the "2002 Planning and Design Guidelines for the Well-off Urban and Rural Residential Technology Industry Demonstration District" formulated by the state stipulates that the indoor temperature in winter heating areas is 16-21 ℃.

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